Piston for high-compression engines



June 28, 1949. s. M. zoRoMsKls PISTON FOR HIGH-COMPRESSION ENGIES Filed Aug. 20, 1947 Patented June 28, `1949 PISTON FOB. HIGH-COMPRESSION ENGINES Stanley Martin Zoromskis, Kenosha, Wis.

Application August 20, 1947, Serial No. 769,686

10 Claims. (Cl. 309-14) My invention -relates to" pistons foruse especially in high compression Vinternal combustion y engines and it has for its objects:

1. To provide a piston which will hold and retain the greatest amount of compression with the least amount of friction and wear on the cylinder walls.

2. To improve and render more eiective the kind of piston disclosed in my application iiled October '20,v 194.4, Serial No. 559,549, now Patent v No. 2,438,243, issued March 23, 1948;

3. To provide a piston with slippers of a suitable alloy, such as beryllium-copper, the slippers including portions rigidly secured to portions of the piston wall and portions of more or less ilexibility spaced fromthe piston wall and engaging the cylinder wall to provide pressure spaces t receive duid-pressures that will press thecylinder wall engaging, portions (hereinafter called prongs) of the slippers and effectively seal oi leakage past the piston.

4. To provide a piston Withmeans to absorb 2 Fig. 4 is a detail section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, the cylinder Wll being omitted.

In the drawing in which like numerals of reference indicate like parts in al1 the gures, I represents the cylinder of an internal combustion engine and 2 represents the cylinder head compression and vibration shocks and give smoother, quieter and longer lasting pistons and cylinders, the shock-absorbing spring action of the springy prongs preventing possible blowby or power loss with the advantage of minimizing metal fatigue in pistons through this shockabsorbing action.

5. To provide a. piston that is not exposed to wear at any place. and needs no replacement. The entire wear will be in the prongs which can be enlarged with a special tool without being removed from the piston and when wornbeyond enlargement the prongs can bereplaced.

6. To provide a piston with large over all bearing surface of beryllium-copper alloy and thereby provide for the more efiicient -transferof heat from the piston to the cylinder wall than that which can be obtained with iron piston rings.

Other objects will in part be obvious and in part will appear later. v

To the attainment of the aforesaid objects and y ends invention resides in the novel features -of construction, combinations and arrangements of parts all of which will iirst be described in detail and then be specicallypointed out in the appended drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is a central vertical longitudinal section of .a piston embodying my invention.

l tapered wall portion I5 and a groove 31.

with a spark-plug-receiving hole 3.

The piston head of my invention is indicated by 4 and its skirt by 5. The head 4 is dished as at 6 and is provided with suitable expansion grooves 1 and 8, the groove 1 being annular and the groove 3 radiating from the' groove 1 and extending to the outer wall of the piston.

'The outer wall vof the piston has at its upper end an annularjor cylindrical face portion .9. Immediately below the wall portion 9 the piston has a downwardly-inwardly tapered wall portion III. Tightly tted to the wall portions 9 and I0 is a slipper 2| having a tapered portion 22, an outwardly-upwardly tapered portion 24 and a iiange 23.

`Next below the wall portion' I0 the piston has a narrow shallow groove 35 into which the lower ahge 21 of the slipper portion 25x is tightly fitted. The portion 25x has another ange 28 which'tightly fits on a Shoulder Il. The slipper also includes a prong 25 that extends upwardly vfrom the flange 28 and has a tail 28. The prong 25 is springy and is spaced from the portion 22 to' leave a pressure accumulating space S in vir- 4 ture of all of which the' pressure in the space S will press the prong 25 into sealing contact with the cylinder wall.

The piston also has a downwardly-inwardly tapered wall portion I3 merging' with a downwardly-outwardly tapered wall portion I4, a groove 36 being provided at the juncture of the wall portions I3 and I4 for the iianges 21 of two more slippers 25 andlib.

Next below the wall portion I4 is a cylindrical wall portion I5 and an outwardly-downwardly Shouldersls, I9` and 20 are provided as shown. The iiange 26 of the lowermost slipper 25 extends beyond the inner edge of the piston skirt 5 to act as an oil throw for throwing up oil tothe Fig. 2 is a plan view of one-half of the pistonl shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a magniiied detail vopposite places.

connecting rod dippers 32. l

The piston has a threaded extension 29 on which a wrist pin 30 is mounted and to which pin the connecting rod 3| is connected. The exten sion and wrist pin have oil passes 33.

The prongs of the slippers 25,25, 25h, 25 are provided with diagonal cuts 34 at diametrically These cuts are so located that they will lie from the plane in which the connecting rod operates; i. e., at the places where plstons wear least. The prong 24 of the slipper 2l does not have such cuts.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the entire prong of each slipper 25, 25., 25h, 25 is spaced from the piston andeach slipper is made as a separate part of the piston which oilers considerable advantages in performance and effectiveness as well as in manufacturing, being simpler to install and easier to replace than the slippers of my previous application. v

The type of copper alloy employed in the prongs is much stronger, making the prongs more flexible and serves the pulsating function more eiectively. The prongs have shock and vibration absorbing qualities through the longer length and prong-tail arrangement.

The spring action is entirely within Ithe prong and the alloy used can stand an almost indefinite amount of flexation.

The prong has two supports that insure it from coming off in highspeed engines. The mounting part of the slipper is shrunk on the piston through resistance welding.

The efficiency of the prongs in holding compression is directly proportionate to the compression ratio.

This type of piston works best with compression ratios of ten to one or higher. Its use is not recommended for compression ratios below seven to one.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing it is thought the construction, operation and advantages of my present invention will be clear to those skilled in the art to which it relates.

What I claim is:

1. A piston having a plurality of slippers secured to its outer wall, the slippers below the topmost one each comprising a ring whose cross sectional form is that of a V, one leg of which is longer than the other, the longer leg having means for securing the slipper' to the piston` the outer surface of the shorter leg constituting a cylinder contacting surface.

2. The piston of claim I wherein the slippers are composed of a beryllium-copper alloy.

3. The piston of claim 1 wherein the slippers are composed of a beryllium-copper alloy, and the body of the piston is composed of aluminum.

4. A one piece piston having a head and a skirt and provided with tapered and cylindrical wall portions at its perimeter, slippers secured to said wall portions and spacing the piston from the wall of a cylinder in which the piston is designed to be used, at least one of said slippers being rigidly secured to a tapered wall portion and having a flexible prong spaced from the piston wall which prong is provided with a tail having a cylinderwall-engaging face.

5. A one piece piston having a head and a skirt and provided with tapered and cylindrical wall portions a-t its perimeter, slippers secured to said wall portions and spacing the piston from the wall of a cylinder in which the piston is designed to be used, at least one of said slippers being rigidly secured to a tapered wall portion and having a flexible prong spaced from the piston wall which prong is provided with a tail having a cylinderwall-engaging face, the topmost slipper having an upwardly-outwardly tapered prong extended above the top of the piston.

6. The piston of claim 4 wherein the prongs of the slippers below the top slipper have transverse diagonal cuts in vertical planes.

7. A one piece `piston having a. head and a skirt and provided with tapered and cylindrical wall portions at its perimeter, slippers secured to said wall portions and spacing the piston from the wall of a cylinder in which the piston is designed to be used, at least one of said slippers being rigidly secured to a tapered wall portion and having `a iiexible prong spaced from the piston wall which prong is provided with a tail having a cylinderwall-engaging face, there being at least one slipper with an upwardly directed prong and at least one slipper with a downwardly directed prong.

8. A piston having a head and a skirt and provided with tapered and cylindrical wall portions at its perimeter, slippers secured to said wall portions and spacing the piston from the wall of a cylinder in which the piston is designed to be used, at least one of said slippers being rigidly secured to a tapered wall portion and having a flexible prong spaced from the piston wall which prong is provided with a tail having a cylinderwall-engaging face, the lower slipper having a flange performing the dual function of assisting in holding the slipper to the piston and acting as an oil-throw to throw oil into the skirt of the piston.

9. As a new article of manufacture, a slipper for pulsating pistons comprising a ring whose cross sectional form is that of a V, one leg of which is longer than the other, the longer leg having an internal flange intermediate the length of the leg, the outer face of the shorter leg constituting a cylinder contacting surface.

10. A piston having an integral head and continuous skirt, the outer surface of the head portion of the piston being cylindrical at the top followed by a downwardly-inwardly tapered surface, the skirt portion of the piston having a portion of its outer surface tapered downwardly-inwardly and stepped with respect to the rst mentioned downwardly-inwardly tapered surface, the outer surface of the skirt also having annular grooves, a slipper fitting the head portions cylindrical and tapered surfaces and projecting above the head of the piston-and having its upper edgetapered to a knifelike edge, slippers on the stepped tapered surfaces of the skirt, each of the skirts slippers comprising a continuous ring rigidly secured to the piston and having inwardly projecting flanges to t the piston grooves and steps with a, rigid fit, said skirts slippers each also including a springy prong portion V-shaped in cross section projecting from the continuous ring in the direction of the length of the piston, the free leg of the prong constituting a cylinder contacting surface.

STANLEY MARTIN ZOROMSKIS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,773,749 Peterson Aug 26, 1930 2,226,273 Westefeldt Dec. 24, 1940 '2,390,586 Hastings* Dec. 11, 1945 2,431,957 Noviss Dec. 2, 1947 2,438,243 Zoromskls Mar. 23, 1948 

